zwerwiann



C. H. ZWERMANN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27. I919:

6 SHlzETS-SHEET I.

WITNESSES [1N VENTOR,

Patented July 8, 1919.

-C. H. ZWERMANN.

K.|LN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 21, 1919.

1 608,973. Patented J uly8, 1919.

6 SHhETS-SHEET 2- WITNESSES: N INVENTOR.

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A TTOR NE vs.

C. H. ZWERMANN.

KILN. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27' 1919.

1,308,973. Patented July 8, 1919.,

6 SHtETSSHEET 3- INVENTOR.

WITNESSES P I L H; Z Mela/mm C. H. ZWERMANN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, I919.

Patented J uly 8, 1919.

6 SHhETS-SHEET 4.

m m w S. HI HI IH Y M w .HH IH Hz m mH T M A m N M M mm H. w M L C. H. ZWER-MANN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.27, 1919.

Patented July 8, 1919;

6 HtETS-SHEET 5 INVENTOR. CARL H. Zwznmn/vn! Wag 7 A TTORNE YS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL H. Z WERMANN, OF NEWARK, OHIO.

KILCN'.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 27, 1919. Serial No. 285,475.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, CARL H. ZWERMANN', a citizen of the United States, residin at Newark, county of Licking, State of 0 i0, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns, of which the following is a specification. i

This invention relates to improvements in kilns. I a The main objects of this invention are: First, to provide an improved kiln of the tunnel type in which the firing temperatures or temperatures in the firing zone may be effectively controlled. Second, to provide in a kiln of the tunnel type an improved means for controlling the heat in the firing zone to secure variations or sub-zones within the firin zone.

Third, to provide in a kiIn an improved preheating means.

Fourth, to provide a kiln in which a very large proportlon of the heat units of the fuel consumed are utilized.

Fifth, to. provide an improved kiln of lar e capacity. I

Sixth, to provide an improved kiln which, considering its capacity, is economical to construct and requires but little skilled labor in its operation. a

Further objects, and objects relating to structural details, will definitely appear from the detailed description to follow.

I accomplish the objects of iny invention by the devices and means descrlbed in the following specification. The invention is clearly defined and ointed out in the claims.

A structure whicli is a preferred embodiment of my invention is clearly illustrated in the accompan in drawing, forming a part of this speci cat1on,"is which Figure I is a horizontal section of atunnel kiln embodying the features of my invention taken on a line corres onding to line 1-1 of Figs. II, III, VI, I, VIII, and IX, the figure consisting of three complementary sections.

Fig. II.is a vertical longitudinal section on a line correspondin to line 2-2 of Figs. I, IV, V, VI, VII, VI I, and IX, the figure consisting of three complementary sections.

Fig. III is a vertical longitudinal section on a line correspondin to line 33 of Figs. I, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX, the figure consisting of three complementary sectlons.

Fig. IV is a transversevertical section .on lines corresponding to lines-d of Figs. I, II and III.

Fig. V is a transverse vertical-section on lines corresponding to lines 55 of Figs. I, II, and III.

Fig. VI is a transverse vertical section on lines corresponding to lines 66 of Figs. I, II and III.

Fig. VII is a transverse vertical sectionon lines corresponding to lines 7-? of Figs. 1, II and III.

Fig; VIII is a transverse vertical section on lines corresponding to lines 8-8 of Figs. I, II and III. I

Fig. IX is a transverse vertical section on lines corres onding to lines 9-9 of Figs. 1, II and I I. y

Fig. X is an enlarged detail longitudinal section on a line corresponding to line 1010 of Fig. I.

Fig. XI is an enlarged detail vertical longitudinal section through the fiues on line corresponding to line 11-11 of Fig. VII.

Fi XII 1s a detail horizontal section showing a modificaton adapted for the burning of liquid fuel.

Fig. XIII is a detail section on aline corresponding to line 13-,13 of Fig. XII.

In the drawing similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views, and the sectional lines are taken looking in thedirection of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines.

In the accompanying drawing various features are shown more or less conventionally, and without particular. regard to dimensions and the relative proportions of the parts, the accompanying drawings being illustrative only.

Referring to the drawings, I provide a pair of tunnels, designated generally by the numerals 1 and 2, the tunnels belng substantial duplicates arran ed side by side but in reverse'relation, the c arging end of one tunnel being at the discharging end of the other, as is the case in the structure shown in Letters Patent issued to me August 13, 1918, No. 1,275,352. The inner wall, desig- .nated generally by the numeral 3, is common Patented July 8, 1919.

the embodiment I illustrated, opposite the.

preheating zone of the other. -While the tunnels coact in their operation or there is a coacting'relation between them there is no intercommunication or circulating connection whereby air or gases are admitted from one tunnel to the other.

At each end of the tunnels I preferably provide a transfer track 4 and a means for propelling the trucks through the tunnels, shown conventionally at 5, the tunnel trucks being shown at 6 and their direction of travel indicated by the arrows in Figs. I, II,

and III, and also by the numerals on the trucks.

-The tunnels are provided with tracks 7 and sand guards 8 at each side. The trucks are preferably, in practice, advanced through the tunnelsv with a substantially continuous movement. Each tunnel has a water smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone.

In the main embodiment shown the gas producers 9 are connected to deliver to a series of three burners 10 into the firing zone of the tunnel. These burners 10 are positioned in relation to circulating flues in the firing zone so as to produce, in eifect, a: plurality of sub-zones in the firing zone in which the temperatures may be varied or modified to localize the highest temperature or vary as desired.

The arched roof 11 0f the firing zone deflects and the flue connections draw the hot ases from the burners downwardly through t e stock, indicated at 12 on the truck 6 or about the containers,see the arrows inv Fig. VII. The inlets 13 of the vertical passages 14 of the flues are in about the p ane of the truck platform. The passages 14 communicate at their upper ends with the horizontal flues 15', 16, 17, which, for convenience, may be designated firing zone flues. There are three of these firing zone flues in the embodiment illustrated,see ,Figs. II and X. These flues 15, 16, and 17, are connected to deliver to the horizontal flues 15', 16 and 17', which, for convenience in description, I designate as preheating flues,

the preheating flues being disposed horizontally at the outer sides of the preheating zones, designated generally by the numeral 18.

To facilitate circulation about these preheating flues and support the same I provide on the outer walls of the funnels in front of the firing zones a plurality of vertical spaced flue supporting Walls 19. These walls have alined openings 20 therein to receive the ends of the flue sections 21,see Fig. I. These flue sections are formed of a material capable of withstanding the heat and at the same time having good radiating qualities, so that on the passage of gases and products of combustion to the stack 22 the greater portion of the heat is imparted to the air within the preheating zone which circulates upwardly around the preheating flues and between the walls 19 and downwardly through the stock, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. IX.

At their discharge ends the flues are controlled by the slide dampers 23, -see Fig.

is closed the heat will be reduced in the zone controlled by it and intensified in the other zones. This enables the effective controlling of the firing zone to provide for the subjecting of the ware in the firing zone to the highest temperature on its entrance to'that zone or on its passage from it, or variable temperatures may be had, thus making the kiln adaptable tothe particular kind of ware or stock to be treated and to the results desired. The burners 10 may be further controlled by the valves 24, shown conventionally in Fig. VII, and obviously by controlling the suppl of fuel, thus provide very simple, comp etc and accurate control for the kilns.

The. stack 22 is provided with ,a damper 25,-see Fig. VII, providing still another control means. 4

To provide preheated air for the burners and to prevent the trucks becoming excessively heated in their passage through the heating zones and to protect the arches of the tunnels in the firing zones, I provide air passages 26 having inlets at 27 ,see Fig. IX. The air may be and preferably is supplied by the fan or blower 28. From this inlet point 27 the air travels toward the ends of the tunnels in both directions to the passages 29 connected to the riser passages 30 which deliver to the return passages 31 in the tops of the tunnels,see Fig. VI.

These return preheating passages prevent the trucks and also the roofs or arches of the tunnels becomin unduly heated and the air is at the same time preheated. The delivery of this preheated air to the burners is controlled by the upper'val'ves or dampers 24,see Fig. VII.

In advance of each preheating zone is a water smokin zone in which the air is heat ed. and circu ated in the same manner as shown in my said patent, there being a series of circulating flues 32 in the centralwall opening at the top and bottom into the water smoking, zone of one tunnel and having a wall 33 common to the cooling zone of the adjacent tunnel, so that a heating circus .lation is set up in the water smoking zone equal of one tunnel and a cooling circulation in the cooling zone of the adjacent tunnel, as is shown by the arrows in Fig. VI.'

The water smoking zones are provided with vents 34.

In the modification shown in Figs. XII, XIII, I illustrate in conventional form an adaptation for burning oil, natural gas or like fuels.

Having described the structure generally, I will now briefly describe the operation As stated, the tunnels are disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other. The trucks are loaded and introduced one after the other and advanced by the propellers, the travel being preferably continuous and the speed depending upon the. goods to be treated. The arrows and the numerals on the trucks indicatethe direction of movement. The trucks first pass through the water smoking zone where the water smoking is accomplished by the circulation of air heated and circulated by the cooling of the ware in the other tunnel which is facilitated by the coacting relation of the tunnels. This transfer of heat sets up circulation in both tunnels so that the ware is effectively cooled and the water smoking accomplished. By the time the ware reaches a preheating zone it is sufficiently heated so as not to be injured by the heat to which it is then subjected. The ware is heated in the preheating zone by the circulating air only, the circulation and heating of which is accomplished by the preheating fiues, as described.

From the preheating zone the ware passes into the firing zone which may be controlled as desired to localize the heat or make it substantially uniform throughout the preheating zone or to secure sub zone variations, as may be desired.

From the firing zone the ware passes into the1 cooling zone and on to the discharging en The length of the water smoking, preheating, firing and cooling zones may be varied as may be desired for the particular kind of ware to be treated. The length of the kiln depends upon the goods to be fired and the ca acity desired.

y improved k'iln is very economical in the use of fuel, is easy to operate, and adaptable to produce various results which may be desired in kilns.

I have illustrated and described my improvements in an embodiment which I consider very satisfactory, although the parts are largely shown in conventional form and, as stated, without an attempt to maintain relative proportions.

I have not attempted to illustrate or describe various adaptations and modifications which might be desirable as I believe the disclosure made will enable those skilled in the art towhich my invention relates to embody or adapt the same as may be desired to meet the particular kind of stock to be treated and other special conditions.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letter Patent, is: 1

1. The combination with a pair of tunnel I kilns having a common inner wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed in reverse relation with the cooling zone of one opposite the water-smoking zone of the other and the firing zone of one opposite the preheating zone of the other, circulating flues openlng at the top and bottom of the water smoking zone of each tunnel and arranged to receive heat from the cooling zone of the other tunnel, a plurality of heating burners for each firing zone disposed in the outer walls of the tunnels to deliver at the top thereof, a plurality of firing zone fiues disposed below said burners one above the other and having inlets disposed in alinement adjacent the bottoms of the tunnels, horizontally disposed preheating fines to which said firing zone flues deliver, stacks at the outer ends of said preheating zones to; which said-preheating fines are connected, dampers for said stacks, dampers for said fiues disposed at the stack ends thereof, air heating fiues in the tops of said tunnels leading inwardly over the preheating and firing zones to the burners, air fines in the bottoms of said tunnels leading outwardly from a central point and connected by riser dues to the outer ends of said air heating lines in the tops of said tunnels, and valves for controlling the deliveryof the air from said air heating flues and the delivery of the fuel to the'burners.

2. The combination With a pair of tunnel kilns having a common'inner Wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed in reverserelation with the cooling zone of one opposite the water-smoking zone of the other and the firing zone of one opposite the preheating zone of the other, circulating flues opening at the top and bottom of the 'water smoking zone of each tunnel and arranged to receive heat from the cooling zone of the of said tunnels leading inwardly over the preheating and firing zones to the burners, air fines in the bottoms of said tunnels leading outwardly from a central point and connected by riser fines to the outer ends of said air heating fines in the tops of said tunnels, and valves for controlling the delivery of the air from said air heating fines and the delivery of thefuel to the burners.

3. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common 'inner wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone said kilns being disposed in reverse relation with the cooling zone of one opposite the water-smoking zone of the other and the firing zone of one opposite the preheating zone of the other, circulating fines opening at the top and bottom of the water smoking zone of each tunnel and arranged to receive heat from the cooling zone of the other tunnel, a plurality of heating burners for each firing zone disposed in the outer walls of the tunnels to deliver at the tops thereof, a plurality of firing zone' fines disposed below' said burners one above the other and having inlets disposed in alinement adjacent the bottoms of the tunnels, horizontally disposed preheating fines to which said firing zone fines deliver, stacks at the outer ends of said preheating zones to which said preheating fines are connected, dampers for said stacks, and dampers for said fines disposed at the stack ends thereof.

4. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common inner wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed in reverse relation with the cooling zone of one opposite the water-smoking zone of the other and the firing zone of one opposite the preheating zone of the other, circulating fines opening at the top and 'bottom of the water smok ing zone of each tunnel and arranged to receive heat from the cooling zone of the other tunnel, a plurality of heating burners for each firing zone disposed in the outer walls of the tunnels to deliver at the top thereof, a plurality of firing zone fines disposed below said burners one above the other and having inlets disposed in alinement adjacent the bottoms of the tunnels, horizontally disposed preheating fines to which said firing zone fines deliver, and dampers for said fines.

5. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling'zone, said kilns being disposed in reverse relation, a plurality of heating burners for each firing zone disposed in the outer walls of the tunnels to deliver at the top thereof, a plurality of firing zone fines disposed below nsoaeve said bnrners one above the other and having inlets disposed in alinement adjacent the bottoms of the tunnels, horizontally disposed preheating fines to which said firing ers, air fines in the bottoms of said tunnels leading outwardly from a central point and connected by riser fines to the outer ends of said air heating fines in the tops of said tunnels, and valves for controlling the delivery of the air from said air heating fines and the delivery of the fuel to the burners.

6. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common inner wall and each comprising a water smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed in reverse relation, a plurality of heating burners for each firing zone disposed in the outer walls of the tunnels to deliver at the top thereof, a plurality of firing zone fines disposed below said burners one above the other and having inlets disposed in alinement adjacent the bottoms of the tunnels, horizontally disposed preheating fines to which said firing zone fines deliver, dampers for said fines, air heating fines in the tops of said tunnels leading inwardly over the preheating and firing zones to the burners, air fines in the bottom of said tunnels leading outwardly from a central point and connected by riser fines to the outer ends of said air heating fines in the tops of said tunnels, and valves, for controlling the delivery of the air from said air heating fines and the delivery of the fuelto the burners.

7. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common inner Wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed in reverse relation, a plurality of heating burners for each firing zone disposed in the outer walls of the tunnels to deliver at the top thereof, a. plurality of firing zone fines disposed below said burners one above the other and having inlets disposed in alinement adjacent the bottoms of the tunnels, horizontally dis posed preheatiiig fines to which said firing zone fines deliver, stacks at the outer ends of said preheating zones to which said preheating fines are connected, dampers for said stacks, and dampers for said fines disposed at the stack .ends thereof.

8. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common innerwall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheat- 1n sald kilns being disposed in reverse relation,

zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone,

ers one above the other and having inlets disposed in alinement adjacent the bottoms of the tunnels, horizontally disposed preheating fines to which said firing zone fines deliver, and dampers for said fines.

9. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common inner wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed in reverse relation, with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other, a heating means for each firing zone delivering at the tops of the tunnels, a plurality of firing zone fines connected in series at the bottom thereof, preheating fines to which said firing zone fines deliver, stacks at the outer ends of said preheating zones to which said preheating fines are connected, dampers for said stacks, dampers for said fines, air heating fines in the tops of said tunnels leading inwardly to the burners, air fines in the bottoms of said tunnels leading outwardly from a central point and connected to the outer ends of said air heating fines in the tops of the said tunnels, and valves for controlling the delivery of the air from said air heating fines.

10. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common inner wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheat-t ing zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said ki ns being disposed in reverse relation, with t e charging end of one at the discharging end of the other, a heating means for each firing zone delivering at the tops of the tunnels, a plurality of firing .zone fines connected in series at the bottom thereof means for independently controlling, said fines, airheating fines in the tops of said tunnels leading inwardly to the burners, air fines in the bottoms of said tunnels leading outwardly from a central point and con- .nected to the outer ends of said air heating fines in the tops of said tunnels, and valves for controlling the delivery of the air from said air heating fines.

11. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common inner wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed in reverse relation, with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other, a heating means for each firing zone delivering at the tops of the tunnels, a plurality of firing zone fines connected in series at the bottom thereof, preheating fines to which said firing zone fines deliver, stacks at the outer ends-of said preheating zones to which said preheating fines are connected, dampers for said stacks, and dampers for said fines;

12. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common inner wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed .in reverse relation, with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other, a heating means for each firing zone delivering at the tops of the tunnels, a plurality of firing zone fines connected in series at the bottom thereof, and dampers for said fines.

13. The combination with a pair of tunnel kilns having a common inner wall and each comprising a water-smoking zone, a preheating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, said kilns being disposed in reverse relation, with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other, means whereby the cooling-of the ware in the cooling zoneof one tunnel is utilized to heat and circulate the air in the water smoking zone of the other, a heating means for each firing zone delivering at the tops of the tunnels, a pluarilty of firing zone fines connected in series at the bottom thereof, stacks to which preheating fines are connected, and dampers for said stacks.

,14. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a hiring zone anda preheating zone, a plurality of heating burners for said firing zone disposed to deliver at the top thereof, aplnrality of firing zone fines disposed below said burners one above the other and having inlets adjacent the bottom of the tunnel, horizontally disposed preheating fines for said preheating zone and to which said firing zone fines deliver comprising spaced vertical walls provided with alined openings, and fine sections supported thereby, a stack to which said preheating fines are connected, a damper for said stack, dampers for said fines disposed at the stack ends thereof, an air heating flue in the top of said tunnel leading inwardly over the preheating and firing zones to the burners, an air fine in the bottom of the tunnel leading outwardly and connected at its outer end to the outer end of said air heating fine in the top of said tunnel, and valves for controlling the delivery of air from said air heating fine and delivery of the fuel to the burners.

15. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing 'zone and a preheating zone, a plurality of heating burners for said firing zone disposed to deliver at the top fiues are connected, a damper for said stack, and dampers for said flues disposed at the stack ends thereof.

16. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone and a preheating zone, a plurality of heating burners for said firing zone disposed to deliver at the top thereof, a plurality of firing zone flues disposed below said burners one above the other and having inlets adjacent the bottom of the tunnel, horizontally disposed preheating flues for said preheating zone and to which said firing zone flues deliver, comprising spaced vertical walls provided with alined openings and flue sections supported thereby, dampers for said flues disposed at the stack ends thereof, an air heating flue in the top of said timnel leading inwardly over the preheating and firing zones to the burners, an air flue in the bottom of the tunnel leading outwardly and connected at its outer end to the outer end of said air heating flue in the top of said tunnel, and valves for controlling the delivery of air from said air heating flue and delivery of the fuel to the burners.

17. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone and a preheating zone, a plurality of heating burners for said firing zone disposed to deliver at the top thereof, a plurality of firing zone flues disposed below said burners one above the other and having .inlets adjacent the bottom of the tunnel, horizontally disposed preheating fines for said preheating zone and to which said firing zone flues deliver comprising spaced vertical walls provided with alined openings and flue sections supported thereby, and dampers for said fiues disposed at the stack ends thereof.

18. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone and a preheating zone, a heating means for said firing zone, a plurality of firing zone flues opening in series into said firing zone, preheating flues for said preheating zone to which said firing zone flues deliver, a stack to which said preheating flues are connected, a damper for said stack, and dampers for said flues.

19. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone and a" preheating zone, a heating means for said firing zone, a plurality of firing zone flues opening in series into said firing zone, preheating fines for said preheating zone to which said firing zone flues deliver, dampers for said flues, an air heating flue in the top of said tunnel leading inwardly to the heating means, and an air flue in the bottom of the tunnel leading outwardly and connected at its outer end to the outer end of said air heating flue in the top of said tunnel.

20. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone and a preheating zone, a heating means for said-firing zone, a plurality of firing zone flues opening in series into said firing zone, preheating flues for said preheating zone to which said firing zone flues deliver, a stack towhich said reheatin flues are connected a dam er for said stack, and dampers for said flues.

21. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone and a preheating zone, a heating means for said firing zone, a plurality of firing zone flues opening in series into said firing zone, preheating flues for said preheating zone to which said firing zone flues deliver, and dampers for said flues.

22. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone, a plurality of heating burners for said firing zone delivering at the top thereof, a plurality of firing zone flues opening in series into said firing zone at the bottom thereof, and means for independently controlling said flues.

23. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone, a heating means for said firing zone, a plurality of firing zone flues opening in series into said firing zone, and means for independently controlling said flues. p

24. The combination with a tunnel kiln comprising a firing zone and a preheating zone, a heating means, an air heating -flue in the top of said tunnel leading inwardly for said air heating flues and delivery of' the fuel to the burners.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two witnesses.

CARL H. ZWERMANN. [1,. s.]

Witnesses:

GRACE M. DENNISON, EDWARD KEBLER, JR. 

